Figure 5.

A nonoverlapping functional role for dact1, dact2, and gpc4 and wls.

(A) Representative Alcian blue stained wholemount images of wildtype, dact1/2−/− double mutant, gpc4−/− mutant, and gpc4/dact1/2−/− triple mutants at 4 dpf. Low magnification lateral images of embryos showing tail truncation in dact1/2−/− mutants, shortened and kinked tail in gpc4−/− mutants, and a combinatorial effect in gpc4/dact1/2−/− triple mutants. Higher magnification lateral images show a shortened midface and displaced lower jaw in dact1/2−/− mutants, a shortened midface in gpc4−/− mutant, and a combinatorial effect in gpc4/dact1/2−/− triple mutants. (B) Representative flat-mount images of dissected Alcian blue-stained cartilage elements. dact1/2−/− mutants have a narrow rod-shaped ethmoid plate (EP) while gpc4−/− mutants have a broad and shortened EP. dact1/2/gpc4 triple mutants have a combinatorial effect with a short, broad rod-shaped EP. In ventral cartilages (VC), dact1/2−/− mutants have a relatively normal morphology while Meckel’s cartilage in gpc4−/− mutants and gpc4/dact1/2−/− triple mutants is truncated. (C, D) Same as above except wls−/− mutant and wls/dact1/2−/− triple mutant, with similar findings. (E) Combinatorial genotypes of dact1, dact2, and gpc4. dact2−/− contributed the dact/gpc4 compound phenotype while dact1−/− did not. Scale bar: 200 μm.