Figure 2

Effects of MG and glucose treatment on retinal angiogenesis in 4 dpf zebrafish. Zebrafish embryos were incubated with solution containing MG with or without glucose from 10 hpf to 4 dpf. (a) Fluorescence microscope observations of the retinal vessels of drug-treated embryos are shown at 4 dpf. The 1000 µM MG treatment with or without 30 mM glucose group induced retinal vessel branching and vascular area compared with the untreated control in zebrafish embryos. As the positive control, zebrafish embryos treated with VEGF inducer GS4012 (1 µM and 3 µM) showed severe branching and disorganization in the retinal vasculature. Quantification of the percentage of vascular area (b) and the number of branch points (c) in midperiphral retina by MG, glucose, and GS4012 treatment in zebrafish embryos at 4 dpf. n = 30 eyes of 15 zebrafish embryos per group; mean ± SEM. ^∗p < 0.05 and ^∗∗p < 0.01 vs control group. Data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA and then Student's t-test. Glu, glucose. Ctl, control.