Figure 5

Figure 5

The comparison of learning and memory capabilities between WT and lepa KO fish. (A) Comparison of the latency (s) of control (red) and lepa KO (blue) fish to swim into the punishment chamber for each training session. (B) Comparison of the time spent in punish arm (s) for control and lepa KO fish at different time points before and after training. (C) Comparison of the freezing time (s) for control and lepa KO fish at different time points before and after training. (D) Comparison of the total number of electric shocks between control and lepa KO fish. (E) Comparison of the memory retention latency (s) for control and lepa KO fish at different time points after training. The data are expressed as mean ± SEM and bars with the same letter are not significantly different from each other. (A) the data were tested by one-way ANOVA with Tukey–HSD post hoc test; (B–E) the data were tested by two-way ANOVA with Tukey–HSD post hoc test (* p < 0.05, **** p < 0.0001, n = 18). Different letters (a, b, c) on the error bars represent significant differences (p < 0.05).