Gene
glulb
- ID
- ZDB-GENE-030131-8417
- Name
- glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthase) b
- Symbol
- glulb Nomenclature History
- Previous Names
-
- fb11d08
- gso2 (1)
- hm:zehn1949
- im:7153900
- wu:fb11d08
- Type
- protein_coding_gene
- Location
- Chr: 6 Mapping Details/Browsers
- Description
- Predicted to enable glutamine synthetase activity. Acts upstream of or within inner ear receptor cell development and neuromast hair cell development. Predicted to be located in mitochondrion. Predicted to be active in cytoplasm. Is expressed in several structures, including digestive system; hatching gland; integument; mesoderm; and nervous system. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in congenital glutamine deficiency; epilepsy (multiple); heart disease; and neurodegenerative disease (multiple). Orthologous to human GLUL (glutamate-ammonia ligase).
- Genome Resources
- Note
- None
- Comparative Information
-
- All Expression Data
- 21 figures from 7 publications
- Cross-Species Comparison
- High Throughput Data
- Thisse Expression Data
- No data available
Wild Type Expression Summary
- All Phenotype Data
- 3 figures from Zhao et al., 2024
- Cross-Species Comparison
- Alliance
Phenotype Summary
Mutations
| Allele | Type | Localization | Consequence | Mutagen | Supplier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sa14497 | Allele with one point mutation | Unknown | Premature Stop | ENU |
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| Targeting Reagent | Created Alleles | Citations |
|---|---|---|
| CRISPR1-glulb | Zhao et al., 2024 | |
| MO1-glulb | N/A | Cox et al., 2016 |
| MO2-glulb | N/A | Zhao et al., 2024 |
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Human Disease
| Disease Ontology Term | Multi-Species Data | OMIM Term | OMIM Phenotype ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| congenital glutamine deficiency | Alliance | Glutamine deficiency, congenital | 610015 |
| developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 116 | Alliance | Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 116 | 620806 |
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Domain, Family, and Site Summary
| Type | InterPro ID | Name |
|---|---|---|
| Conserved_site | IPR027302 | Glutamine synthetase, N-terminal conserved site |
| Conserved_site | IPR027303 | Glutamine synthetase, glycine-rich site |
| Domain | IPR008146 | Glutamine synthetase, catalytic domain |
| Domain | IPR008147 | Glutamine synthetase, N-terminal domain |
| Family | IPR050292 | Glutamine Synthetase |
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Domain Details Per Protein
| Protein | Additional Resources | Length | Glutamine Synthetase | Glutamine synthetase, catalytic domain | Glutamine synthetase, glycine-rich site | Glutamine synthetase/guanido kinase, catalytic domain | Glutamine synthetase, N-terminal conserved site | Glutamine synthetase, N-terminal domain | Glutamine synthetase, N-terminal domain superfamily |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UniProtKB:Q7ZVF2 | InterPro | 372 |
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Interactions and Pathways
No data available
Plasmids
No data available
No data available
| Relationship | Marker Type | Marker | Accession Numbers | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Contained in | BAC | DKEY-44G17 | ZFIN Curated Data | |
| Encodes | EST | fb11d08 | ||
| Encodes | EST | fb47g09 | Rauch et al., 2003 | |
| Encodes | EST | IMAGE:7153900 | Thisse et al., 2004 | |
| Encodes | EST | zehn1949 | ||
| Encodes | cDNA | MGC:56052 | ZFIN Curated Data | |
| Encodes | cDNA | MGC:76919 | ZFIN Curated Data | |
| Encodes | cDNA | MGC:174790 | ZFIN Curated Data | |
| Encodes | cDNA | MGC:191379 | ZFIN Curated Data |
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| Type | Accession # | Sequence | Length (nt/aa) | Analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RNA | RefSeq:NM_182866 (1) | 2634 nt | ||
| Genomic | GenBank:CR354428 (1) | 214395 nt | ||
| Polypeptide | UniProtKB:Q7ZVF2 (1) | 372 aa |
- Cheng, X., Ju, J., Huang, W., Duan, Z., Han, Y. (2024) cpt1b Regulates Cardiomyocyte Proliferation Through Modulation of Glutamine Synthetase in Zebrafish. Journal of cardiovascular development and disease. 11(11):
- Lu, C., Hyde, D.R. (2024) Cytokines IL-1β and IL-10 are required for Müller glia proliferation following light damage in the adult zebrafish retina. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology. 12:14063301406330
- Zhao, Y., Wang, Z., Xu, M., Qian, F., Wei, G., Liu, D. (2024) The Glutamine Synthetases Are Required for Sensory Hair Cell Formation and Auditory Function in Zebrafish. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 25(21):
- Banerjee, B., Khrystoforova, I., Polis, B., Zvi, I.B., Karasik, D. (2021) Acute hypoxia elevates arginase 2 and induces polyamine stress response in zebrafish via evolutionarily conserved mechanism. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS. 79(1):41
- Breuer, M., Guglielmi, L., Zielonka, M., Hemberger, V., Kölker, S., Okun, J.G., Hoffmann, G.F., Carl, M., Sauer, S.W., Opladen, T. (2019) QDPR homologues in Danio rerio regulate melanin synthesis, early gliogenesis, and glutamine homeostasis. PLoS One. 14:e0215162
- Ranski, A.H., Kramer, A.C., Morgan, G.W., Perez, J.L., Thummel, R. (2018) Characterization of retinal regeneration in adult zebrafish following multiple rounds of phototoxic lesion. PeerJ. 6:e5646
- Zielonka, M., Breuer, M., Okun, J.G., Carl, M., Hoffmann, G.F., Kölker, S. (2018) Pharmacologic rescue of hyperammonemia-induced toxicity in zebrafish by inhibition of ornithine aminotransferase. PLoS One. 13:e0203707
- Cox, A.G., Hwang, K.L., Brown, K.K., Evason, K.J., Beltz, S., Tsomides, A., O'Connor, K., Galli, G.G., Yimlamai, D., Chhangawala, S., Yuan, M., Lien, E.C., Wucherpfennig, J., Nissim, S., Minami, A., Cohen, D.E., Camargo, F.D., Asara, J.M., Houvras, Y., Stainier, D.Y., Goessling, W. (2016) Yap reprograms glutamine metabolism to increase nucleotide biosynthesis and enable liver growth. Nature cell biology. 18(8):886-96
- Thomas, J.L., Ranski, A.H., Morgan, G.W., Thummel, R. (2016) Reactive Gliosis in the Adult Zebrafish Retina. Experimental Eye Research. 143:98-109
- Jeffries, M.K., Stultz, A.E., Smith, A.W., Stephens, D.A., Rawlings, J.M., Belanger, S.E., Oris, J.T. (2015) The fish embryo toxicity test as a replacement for the larval growth and survival test: A comparison of test sensitivity and identification of alternative endpoints in zebrafish and fathead minnows. Environmental toxicology and chemistry. 34(6):1369-81
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